However, negligible degradation observed between Fig. 13, 1800228 (2019). Nature 568, 373377 (2019). Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Appl. When the modulation frequency is below 1.0GHz, The transmission spectrum remains fairly similar regardless of modulation frequency, as expected from the adiabatic driving discussed above. Nat. Article Cite this article. The LN photonic-crystal nanobeam has a width of w=1200nm, layer thickness of t=300nm, and a partially etched wing layer with a thickness of 150nm. b, High-speed data modulation set-up. Hybrid Silicon and Lithium Niobate Modulator Abstract: Hybrid Lithium Niobate (LN) and Silicon photonic (SiPh) integration platform has emerged as a promising candidate to combine the scalability of silicon photonics with the excellent modulation performance of LN. After the residue removal, we used diluted hydrofluoric acid to undercut the buried oxide layer to form a suspended photonic-crystal membrane structure (Fig. The gray regions represents the 3-dB bandwidth limit for two devices, respectively, and the dashed line indicates the 3-dB limit of S21. Liu, J. et al. Optica 4, 12511258 (2017). Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA, Mingxiao Li,Jingwei Ling,Yang He&Qiang Lin, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA, You can also search for this author in Article For the application of high-speed electro-optic switching, our simulations show that the electrode-waveguide spacing can be decreased to 1.5m for an optical Q of ~5000 (corresponding to a modulation bandwidth of ~45GHz), which will improve the modulation efficiency to 2.38GHzV1 (simulation details in Methods). and M.B. & Essiambre, R. J. MathSciNet PubMed https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0551-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0551-y. Nat. Reed, G. T., Mashanovich, G., Gardes, F. Y. 1a), where an injector section (Fig. IEEE 94, 952985 (2006). Here we report high-speed and energy-efficient LN photonic-crystal EOMs, which exhibits a tiny electro-optic modal volume of only ~0.58m3, the smallest among all high-speed LN EOMs ever reported1,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26, to the best of our knowledge. Express 26, 1481014816 (2018). As such, the photonic-crystal mirror on the right side of the defect cavity is designed to be of 100% reflection, while that on the left side has decreased number of holes (Fig. Rev. Wang, J. et al. 6a, with a broadened spectral linewidth dependent on the driving power. Lett. Opt. Appl. Fortier, T. M. et al. Marko Lonar. Lithium niobate photonic-crystal electro-optic modulator The research is published in the journal Optica. 24, 234236 (2012). Wooten, E. L. et al. Photonics 11, 5357 (2017). Lithium niobate photonic-crystal electro-optic modulator Here the modulator is analyzed in a dual-drive design shown in Figure 1 (where V1 = -V2). By combining thin-film lithium niobate devices with high-power lasers using an industry-friendly process, this research represents a key step towards large-scale, low-cost, and high-performance transmitter arrays and optical networks. Quant. Google Scholar. CAS For EOM, we adopt one-dimensional photonic-crystal nanobeam as the basic underlying structure (Fig. Thorlabs.com - Free-Space Electro-Optic Modulators Further increase of the modulation frequency shifts apart the two side lobes accordingly, with amplitude decreased, while the position of the center lobe remains unchanged, as expected from the non-adiabatic driving. HR00112090012. Harnessing plasma absorption in silicon MOS ring modulators, Resonant plasmonic micro-racetrack modulators with high bandwidth and high temperature tolerance, Photonic van der Waals integration from 2D materials to 3D nanomembranes, A power-efficient integrated lithium niobate electro-optic comb generator. and JavaScript. & Lin, Q. Quantum correlations from dynamically modulated optical nonlinear interactions. Hybrid silicon photonic-lithium niobate electro-optic MachZehnder modulator beyond 100 GHz. 1d) to maximize the in-plane electric field Ez, while preventing potential loss induced by metal absorption, which results in a significant electro-optic tuning efficiency of 1.81GHzV1, simulated by the finite element method (see Methods for simulation details). The photonic-crystal hole structure was patterned with ZEP-520A positive resist via electron-beam lithography, which was then transferred to the LN layer with an Ar+ plasma milling process to etch down the full 300-nm depth. Thanks to the strong light confinement, we are able to place the electrode fairly close to the cavity without introducing extra optical loss (Fig. J. Lightwave Technol. Opt. Lithium Niobate Electro-Optic Modulators. Light Sci. The electrodes are designed to have a length of 30m to ensure a full coverage of the applied electric field over the entire photonic-crystal structure. Cai, L. et al. Nature (Nature) The pure linear electro-optic tuning shown in Fig. Correspondence to 35, 346396 (2017). Zhou, B., Li, E., Bo, Y. The orange curve in Fig. Integrated lithium niobate electro-optic modulators operating at CMOS Photon. Photon. Mercante, A. J. et al. [29] Owing to the disparity between the dielectric constants of lithium niobate and silica, the electrical field primarily affected the LN core through the slab. IEEE J. Sel. Top. J. Lightwave Technol. The modulators enable efficient electro-optic driving of high-Q photonic cavity modes in both adiabatic and non-adiabatic regimes, and allow us to achieve electro-optic switching at 11 Gb s1 with a bit-switching energy as low as 22 fJ. On the other hand, placing the electrode closer to the photonic-crystal cavity will strengthen as well the driving electric field inside the cavity and thus enhance the electro-optic tuning (Fig. Liang, H., Luo, R., He, Y., Jiang, H. & Lin, Q. Quant. Device fabrication is performed at the Harvard University Center for Nanoscale Systems, a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure Network, which is supported by the NSF under ECCS award no. Herein, we review the progress in microstructure and domain.
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